Harry Potter Lawsuit and CGC (Child-Generated Content)
Quote: I ... think that legal systems (such as copyright) can be and are increasingly used to limit, contain, rationalize and commercialize kids' culture. And this happens in a variety of ways - through the elimination of opportunities to generate content, or by placing restrictions on what and how that content is generated (limiting freedom of expression and undermining children's agency); through corporate claims of IP ownership over child-generated content and submissions; and by teaching kids from a very young age a corporate reinterpretation of copyright law...ignoring fair use and obscuring the principles upon which copyright was based in the first place.
She also links to a series of articles printed in the Texas Wesleyan Law Review, while wondering if there is some sort of lesson about the Lexicon Case:
Harry Potter Law and Culture: HP and the Law
I haven't had time to read very much of it yet, but it looks fun. :) They write about everything from the Corrupt Ministry to the enslavement of House Elves. I read the part about "Punishment" in the Wizarding World and smiled a little:
One more thing: My friend
Quote: The application of these rewards and punishments, however, is quite arbitrary. Teachers have enormous discretion in giving punishments and rewards. In the criminal realm, the Minister of Magic can follow or bend the law depending on how he relates to specific people. The use of magic is punished depending on who the person is that commits a particular illegal act.
*snort*
CBC: Copyright Bill Protests Surge Online
Macleans: A Users Guide to the Copyright Bill
Michael Geist: How the U.S. Got Its Canadian Copyright Bill
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Copyright Through the Annals of Time Part Two: The Battle of the Book
Part One is right here.
Also, something interesting popped up yesterday in the Wall Street Journal. They published an excerpt from a book called By Hook or By Crook: A Journey In Search of English by David Crystal, a linguist. I think the writer sounds a bit condescending to Americans, as if our English skills are somehow of a lesser quality than people in the British Isles (our English here is just different, as English is different in Australia, India, Kenya, Taiwan and wherever else it is spoken.) He thinks the American way of turning every business sign into a pun is somehow strange - but hey, that's Creative Capitalism!
Anyway . . . what jumped out at me is a quote from his book, which mentions all the differences between the American and British versions of Harry Potter. Where did he come across a list of these so he would know exactly how many there are? It's fascinating that he doesn't say in the text, but we can guess. Surely he didn't sit with a British and American version and pick it all out for himself when the Lexicon has listed the differences for years now. I need to read the book to see if he gives credit anywhere.
Another British import was being read at the next table – a Harry Potter book. At least, an Americanized edition of Harry Potter. I could tell by the title: it read Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone – not Philosopher's Stone. Evidently, the American publisher felt that US children would have some difficulty with the notion of a philosopher.
If you compare the British and American editions, you find over two hundred substitutions. The children eat crumpets and crisps in the UK; they eat English muffins and chips in the US – potato chips, that is. A dustbin becomes a trashcan, a cooker becomes a stove, Sellotape becomes Scotch tape. It is a mini-dictionary of transatlantic differences: candy-boxes for sweet-boxes, jell-O for jelly, mommy for mummy, sweater for jumper.
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You can read about it on the Stanford Fair Use Project website. Anthony Falzone, who did the closing statement in the Lexicon trial, also represented the defendents in this case.
Dan Slater in WSJ Law Blog wrote: "Transformation trumps all. That’s the lesson we take away from today’s decision."
Indeed, most legal bloggers are viewing the verdict as appropriate in terms of Copyright and Fair Use, even if they disagreed with the goal of the filmmakers.
Kevin Smith writes in the Duke University Copyright Blog:
Imagining Fair Use
The judge has rejected a request by the Yoko Ono for a preliminary injunction that would prevent the distribution of the film. Ono claimed that the use of this short clip without her permission was copyright infringement. Given the vastly different political perspectives involved, it is unlikely permission would have been forthcoming. But the judge ruled that it was also unlikely that permission was necessary, since there was a strong claim that the use was fair use. Since one of the criteria for getting a preliminary injunction is “likelihood of success on the merits,” Ono’s request was denied because the judge felt it was unlikely she would succeed on the underlaying claim that using the clip was infringement.
. . . Nor does the film Expelled compete in any way with the market for the recordings of John Lennon. And in a traditional transformative use case, the owner of the original may not have much desire to license the use if asked, since the proposed new use often subjects the original to criticism or ridicule (as in this case). Transformative uses are often those uses where there is a strong possibility that the copyright owner in the original work would use his or her rights to suppress the new speech; fair use is the remedy that prevents this censorship by copyright.
For me, this role of fair use in preserving copyright as the “engine of free expression” is especially clear in this case (for an explanation and discussion of this quote from Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises, see this report from The Free Expression Project). Free speech is always hardest to accept, and most important to remember, when one disagrees violently with what is being said. In this case, I personally have little use for the claims being made in the movie “Expelled;” they strike me as inflammatory and hard to defend with real logic or facts. Nevertheless, the right of the movie producers to make those claims is inviolate, in my opinion, and it is important that they have the tools to make their case in the best way the can. Fair use is an important tool to support creative expression, whether I agree with the content of that expression or not. The arguments being made in the movie may fail, but the judge got this decision exactly right when he ruled that the producers could use the tools they did (including a small part of another’s copyrighted expression) to make those arguments."
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Fandomentalism
You'll see a few familiar names there, ahem . . . There's a place for people to post comments about each quote.
And since I have nothing else to write about and WB won't even release any photographs from the HBP movie and save us from boredom, here is a video my kids watch every day because they think it is hilarious, but it's probably not suitable for very young children. I cannot explain exactly why this is funny, but it is. Some of you may have seen this already . . .
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First of all, since some of you are sick of Fandom, I've got a video first for a change. You can watch it and then walk away if you like. This is for all my friends, old and new, but especially my friend
The Stranglers: Skin Deep
Next: After the Week of Wu, I thought the Pottercast folks might just walk away from all the controversy and talk about something else.
Wrong. In Pottercast 151: Spontaneous Combustion there is a more discussion than ever on the Lexicon Trial and more about Tim Wu, who is characterized with an undignified word I will leave under the Livejournal cut. There is speculation about just how many of us are in the "loud minority" on the "other side" of the Lexicon case. Everyone it seems has been taken out of context and misquoted. Everyone is suffering. And so much more.
Here are a few excerpts for those readers who can't listen to it. I am not a professional transcriptionist, and if I 've gotten someone's name wrong, please don't throw Hippogriff dung at me! I'm fortyish, too, and my ears can fail me. Also, where necessary, I've added a counterpoint of information that I felt was necessary.
*Now 100% Complete with extra Boring stuff in Blue* so Anonymous people won't think I'm leaving out important facts
(I didn't listen beyond the end of this, nor am I ever going to, thanks.)
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indescribable - Music:The Stranglers: "Skin Deep"
New Blog Post on Madam Pince's Potter Pages by Lisa Bunker, one of the co-writers of the Lexicon Book:
Who Are We? Where Are We Going?
I agree with her that It is getting harder to articulate just what is going on, and what is going "wrong." And Fandom is difficult to explain to someone who isn't involved in it.
However, I disagree that Fandom was ever a totally innocent place. Maybe in the very early days, but I missed those times. I joined Fandom in August 2003 right after Order of the Phoenix was released. I never saw Fandom as a "safe" place where everyone was nice. By then, alot of ideas about the books were "fixed" in people's minds. The Marauders = Cool/Brilliant/Fun. Snape=Ugly/Jerk/DeathEater. People were already indoctrinated in some ways by Fandom, and that's what the Shipping Wars were about. The books were not as important as the swirling fantasies, and it was difficult sometimes to get people to go back to the pages of the books.
My first theory on a forum was about the HP books compared to Alice in Wonderland. People lined up to ridicule my theories as crap, and I almost didn't make it through a week without quitting. But eventually, I learned out to debate and argue, to make friends, and avoid nasty people. I learned to bite my own tongue to get along. We've all had days when someone wrote something to make us feel shunned, avoided, outcast, depressed, and court-martialed. Almost anyone in Fandom will know what I'm talking about.
About the only advice I can give anyone about Fandom is: If you love the books, keep on keeping on with it. If you are still interested, there will always be something to talk about. But it's not going to be a fun every day. Lately, it's taken the wrong Floo to Nocturn' Alley. You just have to stay calm and not let the Death Eaters scare you while you find your way back out of there.
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contemplative - Music:Soft Cell "Tainted Love"
The other day, I posted a comment from the writer Karen Brown, author of Prejudice in Harry Potter. I had originally seen the comment on Kristin Devoe's Daily Prophet blog, and I posted it Here in a discussion of Tim Wu's New Yorker Article.
I did not know Ms. Brown, but I wrote an e-mail to her inviting her to comment further, which she did. I never meant to drag her into a huge controversy or cause problems for her in any way, and I am so sorry. I have quoted dozens of bloggers in the past few months to show different views, and several of them have decided to comment here with no drama.
I was just trying to give a balanced view of the case, since I have been criticized for my own bias. I felt that Ms. Brown had a refreshing view, since she is a fan and supporter of J. K. Rowling, but was wishing that fandom would tone down their criticism of Steve Vander Ark and let the legal system decide the fate of his book.
But due to unfortunate things that have been said in the past few days, Ms. Brown has been drawn into some accusations and threats, both public and private. She feels her statement is being misconstrued and her views distorted. This has caused her a great deal of distress, and she decided to state her own view in a public setting. Therefore Karen has put out a Press Release:
Caught on the Wrong Side of Harry Potter Fandom
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determined - Music:The Who: "I Can See For Miles"
"Week of Wu."
Just for the record, let's remind ourselves of who he is.
He does NOT work with the Stanford Fair Use Project attorneys who are representing RDR books in the Lexicon lawsuit.
Tim Wu is a Columbia Law Professor and writer. Last week he led part of a panel discussion in New York called "OnCopyright 2008." That is his field of interest, and yes, he has strong opinions. Everyone should already know that because he wrote an Article for Slate in January entitled "J.K. Rowling's Dark Mark: Why she should lose her copyright lawsuit against the Harry Potter Lexicon." That's a very simple, straight-forward title. So it shouldn't be a secret that he has an opinion about this case.
However, when he wrote the short vignette in the New Yorker entitled Fan Feud , it caused quite a stir, as my readers know (see the past few entries for details). He also wrote a follow-up on his blog What's New With Wu in which he restated his view.
Some in Fandom feel his article was a cheap shot at people who are already upset. For instance, Sue, one of the regulars on Leaky Cauldron's Pottercast who was actually quoted in Wu's now famous vignette has now blogged about her feelings: The Elephant in the Room.
An alternate view to that is a comment written on Kristin Devoe's Blog "The Daily Prophet" in reference to the New Yorker story. Karen Brown author of the book Prejudice in Harry Potter's World wrote her own opinion of the Leaky Lounge, deleted posts, sympathy for Steve Vander Ark, and the so-called impartiality of fandom. I think she speaks for many of us who are still Harry Potter fans, and who are not personally involved, but still have a right to our alternative opinions.
Tonight an interesting encounter on Leaky in which Melissa accused the poster kbnthomas of being Karen Brown, and demanded a retraction of the comment posted above. About the deletions - many people who support Steve Vander Ark have been deleted on Leaky. I don't see how we can "prove" that now, since the posts are, by definiton, gone. If Melissa wants to open up her logs for a day and let us see the names of the people deleted in the past three months, that might convince me, so I would urge her to "prove" that we haven't been deleted.
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working - Music:Neil Young: "Rockin' in the Free World
The Bench: Fan Feud by Tim Wu
I'm glad he didn't call it "Family Feud" although it does have quite a bit of "Mom likes you best" in it!
I posted this link in the Leaky Lounge, then ran for my life.
Update: Melissa Anelli has written a first impression of this article on Leaky Cauldron:
( Read it Here )
This is just made of Drama.
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impressed - Music:Ned Nash Orchestra "Hang Em High"
Excerpts:
"...when Rapoport received a series of threatening letters last fall from lawyers . . . he didn't flinch.Added: There are two pages of Comments that really display every opinion of this case.
'The intimidation factor was zero,' Rapoport said with quiet pugnacity."
~~~~~~~
Rowling seemed willing to compromise on the witness stand, saying, "I never ever once wanted to stop Mr. Vander Ark from doing his own guide, never ever. Do your book, but, please, change it so it does not take as much of my work."
. . . "That opportunity was never presented to us," he (Rappoport) said, his eyes flashing with anger. "The only thing they said [in the lawyer letters and pretrial discussions] was: 'Will you stop the book?' "
~~~~~~~
. . . the publisher said he has never been worried about the ultimate outcome. His lawyers, he said, have told him that "no court has ever ruled that the writer of a fictional work is the only person who can write about that book."
~~~~~~~
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working - Music:John Mellencamp "Crumblin' Down"
First, a big thank you to Steve for giving my "research group" credit on the Lexicon Website for finding an online source for the word "Alohomora." I'm honored, and I know everyone else will be also!
You can go back and see our work HERE.
I found a little more information today to back up what we found last week, and to confirm that "Sikidy" Geomancy is practiced in East Africa, while other forms come from West Africa.
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cheerful - Music:Jimmy Buffett "Boat Drinks"
In the HP books, there are many questionable juvenile jokes, from Ron making remarks about "Uranus" in Divination class, to George considering himself "holy" now that his ear is gone, to Percy being teased as "Bighead Boy" by his brothers. The name "Harry Potter" is euphemistic and just barely passes the censors. And the fact is, most HP fans appreciate a good joke, the sillier the better.
So when I read last week that JKR and her witnesses do not appreciate the "facetious asides" in the Lexicon, it seemed rather incredible. And when you read the transcript and see what the objections were, it's really funny. Recall that Harry himself thinks that Hagrid is "too large to be allowed," Yet JKR said:
A. (JKR) For that money, I believe you are being resold the Harry
15 Potter books with a negligible amount of attempted commentary,
16 some of it false, and a lot of facetious comments. I quote,
17 "I would like to see Hagrid fit himself into a McDonald's booth."
That was a remark Steve put in the Lexicon book. I fail to see why that would bother JKR, unless she hasn't been to McDonald's lately and tried to sit in a narrow plastic booth. It makes me wonder, have the books suddenly turned into "sacred texts" so that we can't joke about them?
Witness for the Plaintiff Jeri Johnson was on the stand complaining of some rather mild jokes Steve Vander Ark makes in the Lexicon book, and the Judge saw right through it to the heart of the matter and chimed in:
Q. (Hammer) You are an Oxford don, are you not?
9 (Johnson) A. I am.
10 Q. Many of the readers of the Harry Potter books are 12, 13,
11 14-year-olds, isn't that true?
12 A. Yes.
13 THE COURT (Judge): Or younger.
14 Q. Or younger.
15 The Harry Potter books are filled with jokes, are they
16 not, that are directed at 10, 11, 12 and 13-year-olds, correct?
17 A. Yes, there are.
18 Q. In fact, there are jokes about troll boogers, isn't that
19 true?
20 A. Yes.
21 Q. There are jokes about phlegm, isn't that true?
22 A. Yes.
23 Q. You, I assume, don't often joke about phlegm, correct?
24 A. Only with my 9-year-old daughter.
25 Q. So, in fact, you yourself recognize that a 9-year-old might
1 find something funny that you yourself do not?
2 A. Absolutely.
Absolutely right. In the books there are also jokes about toilet seats, and jokes about an old man with nothing on under a dress so air can get to his privates. There are jokes about Moaning Myrtle getting into the bathtub with Harry. Sirius jokes about Kreacher snogging a pair of pants. Gilderoy Lockhart tells Snape that his "wand is a little over-excited." And how can we forget all the "goat jokes" about Aberforth? Are those stories not meant to be "facetious asides"?
Really humor is the last thing they should have brought up because parody is protected under copyright law, and the way things are going, that may be the only legal way anyone can express an opinion eventually.
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Author Orson Scott Card, who also wrote so eloquently about Severus Snape before DH:
J.K. Rowling, Lexicon and Oz
"I fully expect that the outcome of this lawsuit will be:
1. Publication of Lexicon will go on without any problem or prejudice, because it clearly falls within the copyright law's provision for scholarly work, commentary and review.
2. Rowling will be forced to pay Steven Vander Ark's legal fees, since her suit was utterly without merit from the start.
3. People who hear about this suit will have a sour taste in their mouth about Rowling from now on. Her Cinderella story once charmed us. Her greedy evil-witch behavior now disgusts us. And her next book will be perceived as the work of that evil witch. "
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A. I think that it is sloppy, I think there is very little
4 research, and I don't think that it -- I don't think it
5 constitutes an original work.
6 Q. You mentioned that the Lexicon occasionally -- earlier that
7 the Lexicon occasionally contained etymologies.
8 A. Yes.
9 Q. I believe you also mentioned that the some of those
10 etymologies were wrong?
11 A. Hmm-hmm.
12 Q. Could you give the Court an example.
13 A. I could give several. But Mr. Vander Ark gives an
14 etymology for alohomora, which is an incantation used within
15 the Harry Potter books to open a locked door by magic. And he
16 asserts that this word was derived from the Hawaiian aloha
17 meaning good-bye. Which is errant nonsense. Alohomora is a
18 Sidiki word from West Africa, and it is a term used in
19 geomancy. It is a figure -- the figure alohomora means in
20 Sidiki "favorable to thieves." Which is obviously a very
21 appropriate meaning for a spell that enables you to unlock a
22 locked door by magic.
That's all very interesting, but is it realistic that someone could find that on the Internet without the use of some obscure source? Steve used "Aloha" as the etymological source, the Hawaiian word for both "good-bye" and "hello," which makes sense when dealing with opening doors. I always thought that was the root word for Alohomora until reading in the news that the writer had a different view.
I disagree that this is "sloppy research" though, and my own experience in trying to go on a quest for alohomoro is probably typical. I invite anyone who can actually find this root word to please post it here and tell me where they found it, or if anyone else is searching, let us know if you came closer than I did.
UPDATE: Ding Ding and Ta Da!!! We have a winner! An anonymous, but very lucky researcher discovered the source for Alohomora! And her name is "Marielle." Also thanks to
Whoo-Hoo! So here's the Magic Link: http://www.serenapowers.com/sikidy.html

And another, which says "See Aloha" - *lol* : http://www.mysteryarts.com/magic/words/E
As you see, you have to spell it "Sikidy" instead of "Sidiky." That is probably a court transcription error. Sikidy is not a dialect but a type of divination used on the Island of Madagascar. I had seen some links leading to that yesterday while researching Geomancy, but dismissed them because . . . that is East Africa, not West Africa. So even with the supposed location of the name origin, this was a challenge to unravel just from what the author said. I don't know why "alohomora" doesn't show up on Search Engines from that website - it's odd, but I just searched for it again, and got nothing except references to the HP books. Anyway, this has been alot of fun and thanks to all who did the research!
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In honor of that, I thought I'd post a few comments about the Lexicon case from various sources, from Neil Gaiman to Entertainment Weekly, and more:
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Ten Commandments of Trying a Case as Set Forth by Yours Truly Bluestocking.
Also, here's a hilarious story from 1945, back when the Marx Brothers were making a movie called "A Night in Casablanca" and Warner Brothers told them the name was too similar to the Humphrey Bogart picture "Casablanca." Groucho Marx wrote numerous letters trying to explain, each letter more bizarre than the next, until finally the legal department at WB left them alone to make their movie.
Groucho Marx Confuses the WB Legal Department
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I never ever once wanted to stop Mr. Vander Ark from doing his own guide — never ever," she said as she took the stand for the second time in the three-day trial, as the last rebuttal witness. "Do your book, but please, change it so it does not take as much of my work."
The problem is, she never said that before. And she definitely wanted to stop Mr. Vander Ark and RDR books.
In this document, Filing 59, which is her pretrial letter to the court, JKR states
"RDR's position that fans of the HP Series can simply buy two encyclopedias is both presumptuous and insensitive."
So, if even "two" encyclopedias are too many, then she is contradicting herself in saying she would allow another version of the Lexicon. In court on Monday, according to Melissa Anelli's trial notes, Here, the testimony said:
So, did she change her mind from Monday until Wednesday? I'm not sure you can suddenly change your mind in the middle of a trial, especially if you are one of the Plaintiffs. Or was she trying to save face with the Judge by softening her stance? Either way, let's hope they settle this soon.
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